top of page

References

1 Hurko, O. & Ryan, J. L. Translational research in central nervous system drug discovery. NeuroRx 2, 671-682, doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.4.671 (2005).

2 Nutt, D. J. Drug development in psychiatry: 50 years of failure and how to resuscitate it. Lancet Psychiatry 12, 228-238, doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00370-5 (2025).

3 Jang, S. W. et al. N-acetylserotonin activates TrkB receptor in a circadian rhythm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 3876-3881, doi:10.1073/pnas.0912531107 (2010).

4 Gilbert, J. & Man, H. Y. Fundamental Elements in Autism: From Neurogenesis and Neurite Growth to Synaptic Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 11, 359, doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00359 (2017).

5 Nieto, R. R. et al. BDNF as a Biomarker of Cognition in Schizophrenia/Psychosis: An Updated Review. Front Psychiatry 12, 662407, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.662407 (2021).

6 Castren, E. & Rantamaki, T. The role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and antidepressant drug action: Reactivation of developmental plasticity. Dev Neurobiol 70, 289-297, doi:10.1002/dneu.20758 (2010).

7 Li, Y. et al. TrkB regulates hippocampal neurogenesis and governs sensitivity to antidepressive treatment. Neuron 59, 399-412, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.023 (2008).

8 Duan, H. et al. beta-Estradiol inhibits melatonin synthesis and melatonin receptor expression in sheep granulosa cells. Gene 814, 146128, doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.146128 (2022).

9 Collaborators, G. B. D. M. D. Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet 407, 2040-2064, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00519-2 (2026).

10 Zhan, Z., Wang, J. & Shen, T. Results of the Global Burden of Disease study for schizophrenia: trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050. Front Psychiatry 16, 1629032, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1629032 (2025).

11 Prevention, C. f. D. C. a. Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022. (2025).

12 Wandrey, N. et al. AANAT kinetics of CoASH-targeted electrophiles of tryptamine and related analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 113, 129975, doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129975 (2024).

13 Wandrey, N. et al. Hydantion indolinones as AANAT inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 131, 130459, doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130459 (2026).

14 Tosini, G., Ye, K. & Iuvone, P. M. N-acetylserotonin: neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and the sleepy brain. Neuroscientist 18, 645-653, doi:10.1177/1073858412446634 (2012).

15 Pagan, C. et al. The serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 4, e479, doi:10.1038/tp.2014.120 (2014).

16 Benabou, M. et al. Heritability of the melatonin synthesis variability in autism spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 7, 17746, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18016-3 (2017).

17 Wang, L. et al. Sequencing ASMT identifies rare mutations in Chinese Han patients with autism. PLoS One 8, e53727, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053727 (2013).

18 Veatch, O. J. et al. Genetic variation in melatonin pathway enzymes in children with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid sleep onset delay. J Autism Dev Disord 45, 100-110, doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2197-4 (2015).

19 Yao, J. K. et al. Altered interactions of tryptophan metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 15, 938-953, doi:10.1038/mp.2009.33 (2010).

20 Kripke, D. F. et al. Polymorphisms in melatonin synthesis pathways: possible influences on depression. J Circadian Rhythms 9, 8, doi:10.1186/1740-3391-9-8 (2011).

21 Etain, B. et al. Genetic and functional abnormalities of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway in patients with bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet 21, 4030-4037, doi:10.1093/hmg/dds227 (2012).

22 Geoffroy, P. A. et al. An ASMT variant associated with bipolar disorder influences sleep and circadian rhythms: a pilot study. Genes Brain Behav 13, 299-304, doi:10.1111/gbb.12103 (2014).

23 Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. et al. Molecular Regulation of the Melatonin Biosynthesis Pathway in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression. Front Pharmacol 12, 666541, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.666541 (2021).

24 Yang, S. Y. et al. Association between the Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) Gene and Seasonality in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 18, 453-462, doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0436 (2021).

25 Liu, W. et al. Gene expression profile associated with Asmt knockout-induced depression-like behaviors and exercise effects in mouse hypothalamus. Biosci Rep 42, doi:10.1042/BSR20220800 (2022).

26 Sompol, P. et al. N-acetylserotonin promotes hippocampal neuroprogenitor cell proliferation in sleep-deprived mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 8844-8849, doi:10.1073/pnas.1105114108 (2011).

bottom of page